Nutrition for the elderly applies principles that intend to delay the effects of aging and disease and manage any physical, psychological, and psychosocial changes associated with the elderly.
Nutrition complications associated with Old Age
1. Osteoporosis
Loss of bone mass is progressive with age and mainly affects women during menopause. Therefore, adequate intake of calcium and vitamin D is recommended.
2. Gastrointestinal Complications
Digestive hormones and enzymes tend to decrease with age reducing digestion and absorption of nutrients in the body. This results in two conditions namely:
Pernicious Anemia
This condition is a result of decreased absorption of vitamin B12.
Constipation
This condition is caused by slower gastrointestinal motility, inadequate fluid intake, or reduced physical activity.
3. Oral/ Dental Problems
Poor oral health and missing teeth impair the ability to lubricate, masticate and swallow food. Therefore, Geriatric nutrition should put this concern into consideration.
4. Malnutrition
Malnutrition is described as a state of under or over-nutrition that causes measurable detrimental effects on the body. The main causes of malnutrition in the elderly entail; reduced intake, low appetite, and impaired absorption. In addition, another cause of malnutrition is the lack of food availability and diseases.
5. Dehydration in the elderly
Reduced thirst sensation, fluid intake, laxatives, and diuretic medications contribute to dehydration. Hydration is critical among the elderly as it prevents tissue dehydration. Drying out organs and tissues leads to premature aging as well as death in severe cases.
6. Metabolic Problems
Old age comes with a myriad of problems including a decrease in insulin secretion. This condition can lead to carbohydrate intolerance and renal function failure. Cardiovascular changes put the elderly at risk of blood pressure and heart conditions. Another problem normally experienced by the elderly is lowered immunity leading to the inability to fight off infections. Zinc and Vitamin E supplementation can help to improve immunity.
7. Psychosocial changes
Depression, dementia, and Alzheimer’s disease lead to both psychosocial and physical problems among the elderly. Social isolation due to no income, and the death of a spouse and friends affects their appetite and their nutritional status as well.
Reach us at info@practicalnutritionconsultants.org for a nutrition education session with the senior, follow up and connect with Practical Nutrition Seniors for fun and interactive sessions.
Wanjiku Gachoka is a seasoned nutritionist with over ten years of experience. Her passion for educating communities on matters related to diet and nutrition has been the driving force behind her work.
Her main goal is to promote health and wellness while advocating for zero hunger.
Her approach to nutrition is grounded in making informed decisions, and she believes knowledge is power.
