Nutrition for the Elderly

Before we talk about the nutritional management of arthritis, let us first understand the condition. Arthritis is a chronic condition causing joint inflammation, leading to pain, stiffness, and difficulty in movement.

While there is no cure for arthritis, proper nutritional management can help alleviate its symptoms and improve the overall quality of life for those suffering from this condition.

Here are some general nutritional guidelines for managing arthritis:

1. Eat a healthy, balanced diet: A healthy diet for arthritis should be rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, lean proteins, and healthy fats. These foods contain nutrients that can help reduce inflammation and support joint health. Patients are also encouraged to reduce the consumption of sugary and processed foods since they can contribute to inflammation and worsen arthritis symptoms.
2. Get enough protein: Protein is critical in building and repairing body tissues, including the joints. Sufficient protein intake supports joint health and reduces inflammation. Some of the best protein sources are nuts, beans, fish, poultry, and lean meats. 
3. Incorporate anti-inflammatory foods: Certain foods have anti-inflammatory properties that can help reduce swelling and joint pain. These include foods high in omega-3 fatty acids, such as salmon, sardines, and walnuts, and fruits and vegetables rich in antioxidants, such as berries, leafy greens, and tomatoes.
4. Consider supplements: Depending on your specific needs and the severity of your arthritis, your healthcare provider may recommend certain supplements to support joint health and reduce inflammation. Some common supplements for arthritis include glucosamine, chondroitin, and omega-3 fatty acids. Patients should consult a provider before starting any new supplements, as they can interact with medications and have potential side effects.
5. Stay hydrated: Adequate hydration helps overall health and helps reduce joint pain and stiffness. A person should drink a minimum of 8 glasses of water per day. Consider adding electrolyte-rich beverages such as sports drinks or coconut water to the diet, especially if you are physically active.
6. Maintain a healthy weight: Carrying excess weight can strain the joints, worsening arthritis symptoms. A combination of diet and exercise in weight reduction can help reduce the burden on the joints and improve mobility.

In addition to these general guidelines, it is essential for people with arthritis to consult a doctor and a nutritionist to develop a personalized nutrition plan that meets their specific needs. It involves making dietary changes, taking supplements, or following a detailed meal plan to manage arthritis symptoms.

Nutrition for the elderly applies principles that intend to delay the effects of aging and disease and manage any physical, psychological, and psychosocial changes associated with the elderly.

Nutrition complications associated with Old Age

1. Osteoporosis

Loss of bone mass is progressive with age and mainly affects women during menopause. Therefore, adequate intake of calcium and vitamin D is recommended.

2. Gastrointestinal Complications

Digestive hormones and enzymes tend to decrease with age reducing digestion and absorption of nutrients in the body. This results in two conditions namely:

 Pernicious Anemia

This condition is a result of decreased absorption of vitamin B12.

 Constipation

This condition is caused by slower gastrointestinal motility, inadequate fluid intake, or reduced physical activity.

3. Oral/ Dental Problems

Poor oral health and missing teeth impair the ability to lubricate, masticate and swallow food. Therefore, Geriatric nutrition should put this concern into consideration.

4. Malnutrition

Malnutrition is described as a state of under or over-nutrition that causes measurable detrimental effects on the body. The main causes of malnutrition in the elderly entail; reduced intake, low appetite, and impaired absorption. In addition, another cause of malnutrition is the lack of food availability and diseases.

5. Dehydration  in the elderly

Reduced thirst sensation, fluid intake, laxatives, and diuretic medications contribute to dehydration.  Hydration is critical among the elderly as it prevents tissue dehydration. Drying out organs and tissues leads to premature aging as well as death in severe cases.

6. Metabolic Problems

Old age comes with a myriad of problems including a decrease in insulin secretion. This condition can lead to carbohydrate intolerance and renal function failure. Cardiovascular changes put the elderly at risk of blood pressure and heart conditions. Another problem normally experienced by the elderly is lowered immunity leading to the inability to fight off infections. Zinc and Vitamin E supplementation can help to improve immunity.

7. Psychosocial changes

Depression, dementia, and Alzheimer’s disease lead to both psychosocial and physical problems among the elderly. Social isolation due to no income, and the death of a spouse and friends affects their appetite and their nutritional status as well.

Reach us at info@practicalnutritionconsultants.org for a nutrition education session with the senior, follow up and connect with Practical Nutrition Seniors for fun and interactive sessions.